World Bank, December 1981, with Hillel I Shuval and Charles G Gunnerson – A contribution to the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade
“Among the problems facing those who depend on conservancy or other systems disposing separately grey water and night soil is the lack of a safe, inexpensive treatment for night soil. In Kyoto, for example, night soil is collected hygienically to the satisfaction of users of the system, only to be diluted at a central collection point for discharge to the sewer system and treatment at a conventional sewage treatment plant. This paper reviews the state of the art on night-soil composting. The paper concludes that aerobic composting of night soil represents a method of treatment ideally suited for developing countries because of its simplicity in operation, limited need for mechanical equipment, low cost and its effectiveness in inactivating pathogens, thus assuring that the compost can be used without causing any public health hazard.”
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Reproduced with permission of World Bank